Noke Gram

Toka Te Manawa

• He aha te poke o Gram?
• Hei aha te whakamahi?
• He aha ahau ka hiahia ai ki te poke i te Gram?
• Ka ahatia i te wa e poke ana a Gram?
• Me mahi e au tetahi mea hei whakareri mo te whakamatautau?
• He raru pea mo te whakamatautau?
• He aha te tikanga o nga hua?
• He mea ano me mohio ahau mo te poke Gram?
• Tohutoro

He aha te poke o Gram?

Ko te maama Gram te whakamatautau ka tirohia nga huakita kei te waahi e whakapaehia ana he mate, kei etahi wai ranei o te tinana, penei i te toto, te mimi ranei. Kei roto i enei papaanga te korokoro, te puhukahu, me nga taihemahema, me nga whara o te kiri.

E rua nga waahanga nui mo nga mate kitakita: Gram-positive me Gram-kino. Ko nga waahanga ka kitea i runga i te ahua o nga mahi a te kitakita ki te poke o Gram. He poke te tae o te Gram. Ka honoa te poke ki nga kitakita i roto i tetahi tauira, ka noho papura te papura ka whero ranei ka whero. Mena ka noho papura te kitakita, he pai te Gram-pai. Mena he mawhero, he whero ranei nga kitakita, he kore-Gram. Ko nga waahanga e rua ka pa mai nga momo mate rereke:

• Ko nga mate Gram-pai kei roto i te mate Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) he mate methicillin, he mate kua pakaru, me te ohorere paitini.
• Ko nga mate kino-kino kei roto i te salmonella, te niumonia, te mate urinary, me te gonorrhea.

Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te poke Gram ki te tirotiro i nga mate harore.

Namestahi atu ingoa: Col's stain

Hei aha te whakamahi?

I te nuinga o te waa ka whakamahia tetahi poke stain kia kitea ai kei te pangia koe e te mate kitakita. Ki te pera koe, ka whakaatuhia mai te whakamatautau mena he pai to mate-mate-he-he-he-he-te-tau.

He aha ahau ka hiahia ai ki te poke i te Gram?

Akene ka hiahiatia e koe tenei whakamatautau mena ka kitea e koe nga tohu o te mate kitakita. Ko te mamae, te kirikaa, me te rohirohi he tohu noa mo te maha o nga mate kitakita. Ko etahi atu tohu ka whakawhirinaki ki to momo mate kei a koe, kei hea hoki te tinana e tu ana.

Ka ahatia i te wa e poke ana a Gram?

Me tango e to kaiwhakaora hauora tetahi tauira mai i te papa o te mate whakapae, mai i etahi waipiro ranei o te tinana, i runga i te momo mate ka pa ki a koe. Ko nga momo momo kitenga o te whakamātautau poke tae a Gram e whai ake nei.

Tauira maru:

• Ka whakamahia e te kaiwhakarato he swab motuhake hei kohi tauira mai i te papa o to whara.

Whakamatautau toto:

• Ka tangohia e tetahi kaiwhakarato he tauira toto mai i te uaua i to ringa.

Whakamatautau mimi:

• Ka tohaina e koe he tauira uruhi o te mimi ki roto i te kapu, hei ki ta te kaiwhakarite hauora.

Tikanga korokoro:

• Ka whakauruhia e to kaiwhakaora hauora he whiu motuhake ki roto i to waha kia tangohia mai i te tua o te korokoro me nga koromatua.

Ahurea aukati. Ko te Sputum he huu matotoru e maremare ana mai i nga pūkahukahu. He rereke i te tuwha, i te huware ranei.

• Ka tono atu to kaiwhakarato hauora ki a koe kia rehu koe ki roto i te kapu motuhake, kia whakamahia ranei he kirikiri motuhake hei tango tauira mai i to ihu.

Me mahi e au tetahi mea hei whakareri mo te whakamatautau?

Kaore koe e hiahia i etahi whakaritenga motuhake mo te poke Gram.

He raru pea mo te whakamatautau?

Kaore he tuponotanga ki te whai kiri, ruaki, whakamatautau mimi ranei.

He iti noa te tuponotanga ka tirohia o toto. Ka mamae pea koe, ka maru ranei koe i te waahi i maka ai te ngira, engari ko te nuinga o nga tohu ka tere wawe.

He aha te tikanga o nga hua?

Ka tohaina to tauira ki runga reti ka whakamaia me te poke o Gram. Ka tirotirohia e tetahi tohunga ngaio taiwhanga te reti i raro i te miihini. Mena kaore i kitea he huakita, ko te tikanga kaore pea koe i pangia e te mate kitakita, kaore ranei i te nui nga huakita i roto i te tauira.

Mena i kitea nga huakita, ka kitea he kounga ake ka puta he korero nui mo to mate:

• Mena he tae papura te kitakita, ko te tikanga ka pangia koe e te mate Gram-pai.
• Mena he mawhero he whero, he whero ranei nga huakita, ko te tikanga ka pangia koe e te mate Gram-kino.

Ko o hua ka whakauru i nga korero mo te ahua o te kitakita i to tauira. Ko te nuinga o nga huakita he huri noa (e mohiotia ana ko te cocci) he hanga tokotoko ranei (e mohiotia ana ko te bacilli). Ka taea e te ahua te whakarato i etahi atu korero mo te momo mate kei a koe.

Ahakoa kaore pea o hua e tohu i te momo momo o te kitakita kei roto i to tauira, ka taea e raatau te awhina i to kaiwhakarato kia whakatata atu ki te rapu he aha te take o to mate me te pai o te whakaora. Akene he hiahia ke koe ki etahi atu whakamatautau, penei i te ahurea kitakita, hei whakatau he aha te momo kitakita.

Ma te hua poke poke Gram pea e whakaatu he mate harore koe. Ma nga hua pea e whakaatu he aha te momo mate harore kei a koe: he rewena he pokepokea ai ranei. Akene me hiahia kia nui ake nga whakamatautau kia mohio ai koe keihea nga mate harore e mate ana koe.

Mena he paatai ​​taau mo o hua, korero ki to kaiwhakarato hauora.

Ako atu mo nga whakamatautau taiwhanga, awhe tohutoro, me te maarama ki nga hua.

He mea ano me mohio ahau mo te poke Gram?

Mena kua tohua koe he mate kitakita, ka tohua pea koe he rongoa paturopi. He mea nui ki te tango i to rongoa kia rite ki te tikanga, ahakoa he ngawari o tohu. Ma tenei ka aukati i to mate kia kino rawa atu me te raru nui.

Tohutoro

1. Nga Whakamatautau Reipa Aipurangi [Ipurangi]. Washington D.C .: American Association mo te Haumanu Haumanu; c2001–2020. Tikanga Ahokore Marara; [whakahoutia 2020 Pepuere 19; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/bacterial-wound-cultural
2. Nga Whakamatautau Reipa Aipurangi [Ipurangi]. Washington D.C .: American Association mo te Haumanu Haumanu; c2001–2020. Niko Gram; [whakahoutia 2019 Dec 4; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/gram-stain
3. Nga Whakamatautau Reipa Aipurangi [Ipurangi]. Washington D.C .: American Association mo te Haumanu Haumanu; c2001–2020. Ahurea Sputum, Bacterial; [whakahoutia 2020 Jan 14; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/sputum-cultural-bacterial
4. Nga Whakamatautau Reipa Aipurangi [Ipurangi]. Washington D.C .: American Association mo te Haumanu Haumanu; c2001–2020. Whakamatautau Korokoro Strep; [whakahoutia 2020 Jan 14; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/strep-throat-test
5. Nga Whakamatautau Reipa Aipurangi [Ipurangi]. Washington D.C .: American Association mo te Haumanu Haumanu; c2001–2020. Ahurea Urino; [whakahoutia 2020 Hanuere 31; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://labtestsonline.org/tests/urine-cultural
6. Merck Manual Kaihoko Putanga [Ipurangi]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc. c2020. Tuhinga o mua. [whakahoutia 2018 Akuhata; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/diagnosis-of-infectious-disease/diagnosis-of-infectious-disease
7. Merck Manual Kaihoko Putanga [Ipurangi]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc. c2020. Tirohanga o te Huakita Kino-Kore; [whakahoutia 2020 Pepuere; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-negative-bacteria/overview-of-gram-negative-bacteria
8. Merck Manual Kaihoko Putanga [Ipurangi]. Kenilworth (NJ): Merck & Co., Inc. c2020. Tirohanga o te Huakita Takirua-Pai; [whakahoutia 2019 Jun; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-positive-bacteria/overview-of-gram-positive-bacteria
9. Rauemi Maatauranga Maatauranga Ora [Ipurangi]. Pokapū Rauemi Matauranga Matauranga; Tatauranga Gram; [whakahoutia 2016 Nov 3; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [e 4 pea nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/research_methods/microscopy/gramstain.html
10. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Ipurangi]. Bethesda (MD): Te Tari Hauora me nga Ratonga Tangata a U.S. Nga Whakamatau Toto; [whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 3 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/blood-tests
11. O'Toole GA. Rama Maama: Pehea te Mahi o te Tino Gram. J Bacteriol [Ipurangi]. 2016 Hakihea 1 [i whakahuahia i te 2020 Apr 6]; 198 (23): 3128. Wātea mai i: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5105892
12. Hauora UF: Te Whare Waananga o Florida Hauora [Ipurangi]. Gainesville (FL): Te Whare Waananga o Florida Hauora; c2020. Maama Gram: Tirohanga Katoa; [whakahoutia 2020 Apr 6; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://ufhealth.org/gram-stain
13. Whare Wananga o Rochester Medical Center [Ipurangi]. Rochester (NY): Whare Wananga o Rochester Medical Center; c2020. Encyclopedia Hauora: Gram Stain; [whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 2 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=167&contentid=gram_stain
14. Tino Hauora [Ipurangi]. New York: About, Inc. c2020. He Tirohanga mo nga Mate Ngahou; [whakahoutia 2020 Pepuere 26; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 3 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-a-bacterial-infection-770565
15. Tino Hauora [Ipurangi]. New York: About, Inc. c2020. Hainamana Tino Gram i te Rangahau me te Labs; [whakahoutia 2020 Jan 12; whakahuahia 2020 Apr 6]; [tata ki te 3 nga mata]. Wātea mai i: https://www.verywellhealth.com/information-about-gram-stain-1958832

Ko nga korero kei tenei papaanga kaua e whakamahia hei whakakapi mo te tiaki ngaio ngaio, tohutohu ranei. Whakapa atu ki te kaiwhakarato hauora mena he paatai ​​taau mo to hauora.