Papa ataata
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Ko te papa tirohanga he korero mo te katoa o nga waahanga e kitea ai nga taonga ki te tirohanga o te taha (pareparenga) i a koe e anga ana ou kanohi ki te peka o te mata.
Ko tenei tuhinga e whakaatu ana i te whakamatautau e meiha ana i to waahanga tirohanga.
Whakamatauinga whakamātautau mara tirohanga. He tere tenei, he tirotiro noa hoki i te waahanga tirohanga. Kei mua tonu i a koe te kaimahi hauora. Ka taupoki koe i tetahi o nga kanohi, ka titiro totika ki mua me tetahi atu. Ka tonohia koe kia korero mo te wa ka kite koe i te ringaringa o te kaiaromatawai.
Matapihi Panui te whakamatautau a Goldmann ranei. Ka noho koe ki te 3 putu (90 henimita) te mamao mai i te papa papanga papanga pango me te taumata kei waenga. Ka tonohia koe kia titiro atu ki te whaainga o waenganui ka whakamohio atu ki te kaitirotiro ka kite koe i tetahi mea e neke ana ki to tirohanga taha. Ko te mea noa he pin he pirepire ranei kei te pito o tetahi rakau pango ka nekehia e te kaitirotiro. Ma tenei whakamatau e hanga he mapi mo to tohu 30 tohu o te tirohanga. Whakamahia ai tenei whakamatautau kia kitea nga roro, nga io ranei (neurologic) raru.
Ko te taamahi Goldmann me te taatai Aunoa. Mo tetahi whakamatautau ranei, ka noho koe i mua o te kopikopiko o te kuiti ka tiro atu ki tetahi whaainga i waenga. Ka patohia e koe te paatene ka kite koe i nga uira iti o to tirohanga tirohanga whanui. Ma te whakamatautau a Goldman, ka whakahaerehia nga mura ka whakamaherehia e te kaitirotiro. Ma te whakamatautau aunoa, ka whakahaerehia e te rorohiko nga whakaaturanga me te mahere. Ma au whakautu e whakatau mena he he koe i to papa tirohanga. Ko nga whakamatautau e rua i te nuinga o te waa ka whakamahia hei whai i nga ahuatanga ka kino haere pea mo te wa.
Ka matapakihia e to kaiwhakarato te momo whakamatautau mara tirohanga hei mahi.
Kaore he whakaritenga motuhake e tika ana.
Kaore he awangawanga ki nga whakamatautau waahi tirohanga.
Ma tenei whakamatau kanohi e tohu kei te ngaro o tirohanga tirohanga ahakoa kei hea o waahi mara tirohanga. Ma te tauira o te ngaronga tirohanga e kitea ai e to kaiwhakarato te kaupapa.
He tirohanga noa te tirohanga whanui.
Ko nga hua kaore pea e pa ki nga mate, mauiui ranei o te punaha puku (CNS), penei i te pukupuku e pakaru ana te pehi ranei (peehi) i nga waahanga o te roro e pa ana ki te tirohanga tirohanga.
Ko etahi atu o nga mate ka pa ki te waahi tirohanga o te karu:
- Mate huka
- Glaucoma (whakanui te pēhanga o te kanohi)
- Te toto toto tiketike
- Te whakaheke i te macular e pa ana ki te tau (mate te kanohi e whakangaro haere ana i te koi, o te tirohanga matua)
- Sclerosis maha (mate e pa ana ki te CNS)
- Optical glioma (puku o te io whatu)
- Tirohanga nui (hyperthyroidism)
- Nga mate repe pituitary gland
- Wehenga retina (wehenga o te retina i muri o te kanohi mai i ona papa tautoko)
- Pakaru
- Te arteritis temporal (te mumura me te pakaru o nga uaua e puta te toto ki te tumuaki me etahi atu waahanga o te upoko)
Kaore he raru o te whakamatautau.
Perimetry; Whakamātautau mata tangent; He whakamātautau tukatuka aunoa; Whakamātautau mara a Goldmann; Te whakamatau i te mara tirohanga o Humphrey
Karu
Whakamatau i te mara tirohanga
Budenz DL, Lind JT. Whakamatau i te mara tirohanga i te ruuma. I roto i: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Oththalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 10.5.
Feder RS, Olsen TW, Prum BE Jr, et al. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Te matawhānui o te aromautanga o te kanohi hauora hauora he tohu tauira mahi. Oththalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.
Ramchandran RS, Sangave AA, Feldon SE. Nga waahi tirohanga i te mate retina. I roto i: Schachat AP, Sadda SVR, Hinton DR, Wilkinson CP, Wiedemann P, eds. Retina o Ryan. 6 ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018: chap 14.