Whakaoho

Ko te reimera he whakamatautau kanohi e mehua ana i te whakahaunga a te tangata mo nga karaatata me nga karaahe whakapiri.

Ko tenei whakamatautau ka whakatutukihia e te ophthalmologist optometrist ranei. Ko enei tohunga ngaio e rua e kiia ana he "taakuta kanohi."

Noho koe i roto i te tuuru he taputapu motuhake (e kiia ana he phoroptor, he reera ranei) kua piri atu ki a ia.Ka tiro koe i roto i te taputapu ka arotahi ki te mahere kanohi 20 putu (6 mita) te mamao. Kei roto i te taputapu he maaka o nga kaha rereke ka taea te neke ki to tirohanga. Ko te whakamatautau ka mahia i te wa kotahi i te wa kotahi.

Ka patai te taakuta kanohi mena he iti ake ranei te maarama o te mahere i te wa e tu ana nga karaehe rereke.

Mena ka mau koe i nga karaahe whakapiri, paatai ​​ki te taakuta mena e hiahia ana koe ki te tango atu me pehea te roa i mua o te whakamatautau.

Kaore he awangawanga.

Ka taea tenei whakamatautau hei waahanga o te whakamatautau kanohi i nga wa katoa. Ko te kaupapa ko te whakatau mena he hapa he aukati koe (he hiahia mo nga karaihe me nga karaahe whakapiri).

Mo nga taangata neke atu i te 40 tau te roa o te tirohanga tawhiti engari he uaua ki te tirohanga matakite, ma te whakamatautau rehu ka whakatau te mana tika o nga karaehe panui.

Mena he tirohanga noa to tirohanga kore (kaore he karaihe me nga karaahe whakapiri), ka kore te hapa he (mahere) me te 20/20 (1.0 ranei te kitenga).

Ko te uara o 20/20 (1.0) he tirohanga noa. Ko te tikanga ka taea e koe te panui i nga reta 3/8-inihi (1 henimita) i te 20 putu (6 mita). He momo momo iti ka whakamahia ano hoki hei whakatau i te tikanga o te tirohanga mamao.

Kei i a koe he hapa haurangi mena ka hiahia koe ki te whakakotahi i nga karaahe kia kite i te 20/20 (1.0). Ma te karaehe, ma te karaahe whakapiri ranei e pai ai te kite. Mena he hapa rewharewha koe, he "whakahaunga" tena ki a koe. Ko to whakahaunga he raupapa nama e whakaatu ana i nga mana o nga karaahe e hiahiatia ana kia maarama ai to tirohanga.

Mena he iti ake to kitenga whakamutunga i te 20/20 (1.0), ahakoa nga karaahe, tera pea he raru kaore-whatu o to kanohi e titiro.

Ko te taumata kitenga kua tutuki i a koe i te wa o te whakamatautau reanga ka kiia ko te koiora tirohanga-tino tika (BCVA).

Ko nga hua kaore pea i ahu mai i:

• Astigmatism (he koretake te kopikopiko i te tirohanga matakite)
• Hyperopia (matakite kanohi)
• Myopia (matakite)
• Presbyopia (te ngoikore ki te arotahi ki nga taonga tata e whanake ana te pakeke)

Ko etahi atu tikanga ka taea te whakamatautau:

• Ko nga kaokao kokiri me nga mate
• Te ngaro o te tirohanga koi na te heke o te macular
• Wehenga retina (wehenga o te kiri-tairongo membrane (retina) i muri o te kanohi mai i ona paparanga tautoko)
• Ko te aukati o te ipu retina (te aukati i te uaua iti e kawe toto ana ki te retina)
• Retinitis pigmentosa (he mate tuku iho o te retina)

Kaore he raru o tenei whakamatautau.

Kia tika te tirotiro o to kanohi ia 3 ki te 5 tau mena kaore o raru. Mena kua pouri to tirohanga, ka kino ake, mena ka kitea etahi atu panoni, whakariterite inaianei he whakamatautau.

Whai muri i te tau 40 (mo nga taangata ranei e whai whakapapa ana to ratau whanau), me whakarite nga whakamatautau kanohi i te wa kotahi i te tau ki te whakamatautau mo te mate kirikia. Ko te tangata e mate huka ana, me whai whakamatautau ano ia i te karu neke atu i te tau.

Ko nga taangata he raru rewharewha me tirotiro he kanohi ia 1 ki te 2 tau, ka rereke ranei te tirohanga.

Whakamatautau kanohi - rehu; Whakamatau Whakakitenga - whakamaarutanga; Whakaoho

• He tirohanga noa

Chuck RS, Jacobs DS, Lee JK, et al; American Academy of Ophthalmology Preferred Practice Model Tauira Whakahautanga / Paewhiri Whakawhana. Hapa Refractive & pokanga haerereira Tauira Mahi Mahi. Oththalmology. 2018; 125 (1): 1-104. PMID: 29108748 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29108748.

Feder RS, Olsen TW, Prum BE Jr, et al; American Academy of Ophthalmology. Te matawhānui o te aromautanga o te kanohi hauora hauora he tohu tauira mahi. Oththalmology. 2016; 123 (1): 209-236. PMID: 26581558 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581558.

Wu A. Haumaru haumanu. I roto i: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. Oththalmology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019: chap 2.3.